Um olhar atencioso: a saúde mental na busca por espaço orçamentário

Abstract

Introduction: The ongoing evolution of health promotion in Latin America (LA) since the 1980s has sought developmental alternatives to break down structural inequalities. This initiative was explicitly outlined with the implementation of public policies in 1992, influenced critically by the Bogotá Declaration. It is evident that financial support is allocated to LA countries, enabling each nation to adjust public policies according to their specific needs. However, some countries neglect these investments, particularly in arts and culture, viewing them as less essential. In recent years, Ceará has battled consistently against cases of Anxiety, Depression, Alcoholism, and Suicide, leading the state to integrate public policies focused on mental health, as stipulated in Resolution No. 18 of 2022. This resolution consolidates national norms for public policies within the Unified Health System (SUS), aimed at enhancing mental health care and support for the population of Ceará.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a survey of existing public policies in Latin America, with a focus on Brazil.

Methodology: The methodology employed in this literature review included a search for studies, analyses, and reports on health in Latin America. Official data sources, scientific journals, and health organization reports were considered.

Results and discussions: It is evident that Latin America exhibits varied funding structures and implementation of programs characterized by regional differences. Within the Latin American context, public health systems vary significantly among countries, including disparities in investment and emphasis on Primary Health Care and Health Promotion. Consequently, investments in mental health may align with the significance mental health holds for governmental bodies (federal, state, and municipal) and how states politically organize the development of these actions. The results highlighted significant heterogeneity in Latin America's public health systems. There are substantial differences between countries in allocating resources to primary care and promoting health, which manifest in varying mental health indicators. Understanding the political and organizational nuances shaping investments in mental health is crucial. This analysis illustrates how federal, state, and local government agencies play different roles in setting mental health priorities and implementing specific policies. It can be concluded that, given regional disparities, investment in mental health in Latin America seems to reflect the priorities and political context of each region. Variations in health systems underscore the need for tailored approaches and specific measures to promote mental health.

Conclusions: This review underscores the importance of future research that delves deeper into the political and institutional influences on investments in mental health in Latin America. Such insights can aid in developing more effective and equitable policies. This overview provides a foundational framework that can be expanded upon with detailed research findings and specific insights relevant to this field.