Papilomatose bovina: Uma revisão narrativa de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Bovine papillomatosis is an infectious disease of viral origin that occurs through the action of a virus from the Papovaviridae family of the Papillomavirus genus. This disease has a benign tumor characteristic and is fibroepithelial in nature in animals, with descriptions of changes in the skin and mucosa, where it will infect the basal cells of the epithelium and fibroplasts, forming microscopic or macroscopic digitiform projections, presenting macroscopic viewing papillomas in the shape of cauliflower in cattle. Papillomas can develop in different regions of the animal's body or appear in a generalized form. Characteristics such as age, inadequate management and immunodeficiency are important factors in the control and contamination of the herd with this virus. Methodology: The most frequently used diagnostic methods are histopathological examination and PCR techniques. Literary findings led us to identify that the contamination of cattle by papillomatosis is currently frequently occurring, therefore, it is necessary to approach the topic with a certain relevance today. Objective: This work aimed to analyze autohemotherapy as a form of treatment in cattle contaminated with papillomavirus. This is a narrative literature review, using scientific articles published in electronic journals as a data collection instrument, covering the period from 2018 to 2023. The following descriptors were also used: “Bovine papillomatosis”, “Auto hemotherapy” and “Blood”. Results and discussions: Papillomatosis is a very recurrent disease in animals and can affect around 75% of the herd when managed inappropriately and without initiating some type of treatment or control of this virus. Autohemotherapy treatment is widely used to combat animals contaminated with papillomatosis, using the technique of removing venous blood from the contaminated animal and applying it to subcutaneous or intramuscular regions in the same animal, triggering an immunological response. The venous blood removed can be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, where it will trigger tissue changes from the entry of an unknown protein, thus resulting in a phagocytic response. The treatment is carried out in a simple way, collecting an average of 20ml of venous blood in a syringe without anticoagulant substances, and two deep intramuscular applications are carried out, with the main muscle of choice being the gluteus, one application on each side. This treatment can be carried out with different therapeutic protocols, the most frequent being 10 applications per animal, with an interval of 7 days between applications, and additional treatments using other techniques and alternative drugs can also be instituted, which will favor better elimination of papillomas and greater control of pathology in the herd. Final considerations: Another alternative for using this therapy method is for animals that are affected by hemoparasitosis, where studies have stated that carrying out treatment for hemoparasites and auto-hemotherapy induces a more positive result in parasite control. To this end, bovine papillomatosis causes great losses within the herd, where it has a large contamination factor and lowers the animals' productivity levels. Taking into account that auto hemotherapy treatment in cattle affected by papillomatosis is very effective and has positive immunological responses, reducing lesions, ceasing the transmission factor, making it one of the methods of choice to treat this disease.